Simandou aerial shot

Simandou

NZÉRÉKORÉ, GUINEA

Africa’s largest mining and related infrastructure project 

The Simandou mountain range lies in the south-east of the Republic of Guinea, over a surface area more than 100km. Its subsoils contain a world class Ore Reserve of high-grade iron ore, estimated at around 1.5 billion tonnes1. Developing a project of Simandou’s scale is a unique opportunity.

Simandou is divided into 4 blocks. We hold rights to blocks 3 and 4 through Rio Tinto SimFer – a joint venture with the Government of Guinea and Chalco Iron Ore Holdings (CIOH). Rio Tinto is the majority shareholder and managing partner of Rio Tinto SimFer.

We are also working with the Government of Guinea and Winning Consortium Simandou (WCS), developers of Simandou blocks 1 and 2, to co-develop the infrastructure needed to export mined iron ore from the far southeast of the country to Guinea’s maritime borders and beyond.  

These include 600km of rail infrastructure – spanning the length of the country – as well as port infrastructure on the coast of the Forécariah prefecture in Guinea.  

To this end, La Compagnie du TransGuinéen (CTG) was incorporated in March 2022. Ownership of the CTG is split between development partners, Rio Tinto SimFer and WCS, each at 42.5% equity share, with the Government of the Republic of Guinea taking a 15% free carry equity stake.

 

Simandou at a glance

Learn more about the people, projects and partners who are making Simandou a reality.
Moussa Koné, Rio Tinto SimFer’s Cultural Heritage Specialist, looks out over the Boyboyba Forest near the Rio Tinto SimFer mine at Simandou.

Simandou

The Simandou project is the largest mining and related infrastructure project in Africa.
Two employees walking along a dirt path in Simandou

Simandou's time has come

Reflecting on the progress and potential of Africa’s largest mining and related infrastructure project
Sidiki, our SimFer's Manager wearing a Rio Tinto branded helmet and uniform and smiling for a portrait shot.

Unearthing the future

Simandou’s longest-serving geologist reflects on 3 decades of progress
Fanta shaking hands with people at Beyla, a town neighbouring Simandou, at a town meeting.

Sustaining strong bonds at Simandou

Working closely with communities through the life of a mine
Denise, a botanist at Simandou, smiling and touching a leaf from tree while her teammates take her photo with a phone camera.

Discovering new species at Simandou

Preserving sacred forests and cultural heritage at Simandou
Bangaly, the Radio Superintendent at the Simandou project in Guinea, radios in from a tower at Canga.

Keeping Simandou’s signal steady

Maintaining radio communications across an enormous mine site
Road weaving through Simandou forest

Protecting our closest neighbour

Coexisting with a Western Chimpanzee at Simandou
A group of people assembled and posing for the camera in a garden in Wontanara.

Designing culture from the ground up

At our Simandou operation, our Wontanara program brings many cultures together to work as one team
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Rio Tinto Guinea

Visit our Rio Tinto Guinea website
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Iron ore

Iron ore is the primary raw material used to make steel. Steel is strong, long-lasting and cost-efficient – making it perfect for everything from cars and fridges to wind turbines and skyscrapers.

The premium grade of Simandou iron ore broadens our global portfolio of iron ore products, complementing our existing, long-term iron ore production in Australia’s Pilbara region and in Canada.

Our commitment for Simandou 

Simandou is a complex, uniquely transformative project. From the associated infrastructure corridor to the thousands of jobs the project will create, the project will positively impact the Guinean economy, creating opportunities and development potential which will benefit the people of Guinea for generations to come.

As with any significant development project, challenges will need to be carefully managed, including minimising adverse social, health, safety and environmental impacts while simultaneously fostering positive and tangible change for local communities and other key stakeholders.

Throughout the history of our involvement in the Simandou project, we have maintained regular community consultation designed to maintain dialogue with local communities by addressing questions, concerns and additional opportunities to provide support.

We are committed to developing the Simandou project in line with internationally recognised environmental, social and governance standards. This includes transparently reporting on impacts of our mining operations, and continuing to work alongside local stakeholders on ways of mitigating these impacts. We recognise the responsibility we are entrusted with and see ourselves as long-term stewards of natural resources. We will continue to work alongside communities to ensure the Simandou project is developed with environmental stewardship and social wellbeing at its core.  

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Climate change

Rio Tinto has put the net-zero transition at the heart of its business strategy and operations. We are taking steps to decarbonise our mining activities while investing in commodities that enable low-carbon technologies. 

The high grade of the Simandou ore makes it an essential resource for reducing the carbon intensity of steel production, and a key enabler of the energy transition. 

Next steps

Work on the mines and infrastructure is well underway and in July 2025, we announced that first shipment from Simandou is accelerated to around November 2025 with ore railed from the SimFer mine to the main rail line via the SimFer rail spur and initially shipped through the WCS port while construction of the SimFer port is finalised. 

We project production ramping up over 30 months and reaching 60 Mtpa production at the SimFer mine by 2028.

Our commitment to protecting biodiversity in Guinea

The region around Simandou contains unique and precious biodiversity, including endangered and critically endangered species such as Western Chimpanzees and Forest Elephants.

We are committed to constructing and operating the SimFer mine and infrastructure in line with internationally recognised standards which help to manage the risks and impacts of projects of this type on biodiversity, including endangered species.

At the core of this commitment is alignment with the International Finance Corporation (IFC)’s Performance Standard 6 (PS6) which focuses on biodiversity conservation and the sustainable management of living natural resources. It underscores the importance of protecting biodiversity, maintaining ecosystems and ecosystem services (meaning the ‘services’ such as clean water, oxygen production, and flood prevention that humans rely on), and promoting sustainable development. 

The IFC is part of the World Bank Group and aims to advance economic development around the world by reducing poverty and promoting sustainable development.

IFC’s Sustainability Framework, including its policies, guidelines and performance standards are widely recognised as the international standard for sustainability performance.

SimFer and the wider Simandou project are committed to operating in line with IFC Performance Standards.

Performance Standard 6 (PS6)

Key objectives of PS6 include:

  • protecting and conserving biodiversity
  • maintaining the benefits of ecosystem services
  • promoting the sustainable management of living natural resources

PS6 provides guidelines for identifying and mitigating environmental risks associated with development projects, emphasising the need to assess impacts on natural and critical habitats and to implement a Mitigation Hierarchy: avoid, minimise, restore, and offset. It is considered best practice for biodiversity conservation across multiple sectors.

Our commitment to PS6 at the Simandou project

We have fully committed to aligning to IFC's PS6 to ensure responsible environmental stewardship. One of the core tenets of PS6 is the Mitigation Hierarchy.

The Mitigation Hierarchy and our approach

The Mitigation Hierarchy is a structured approach used to manage biodiversity and environmental risks associated with development projects. As a global leader in mining and metals, we have integrated the mitigation hierarchy into its approach to environmental impact at every stage of developing the SimFer mine and infrastructure. It consists of 4 key steps:

  • Avoidance: preventing adverse impacts on biodiversity by selecting project locations and designs that avoid harm to sensitive ecosystems. In the case of Simandou, we have invested significantly in redesigning the SimFer mine so that it avoids critical chimpanzee habitat and protects biodiversity areas with an abundance of range restricted species (species which are unable to move far beyond their habitat).
  • Minimisation: reducing the severity and extent of impacts that cannot be avoided through best environmental practices. At the SimFer mine, this includes measures such as building underpasses for animals to travel through, buffer zones and dust, light and noise suppression.
  • Restoration/rehabilitation: repairing degraded ecosystems and restoring biodiversity in areas affected by project activities. Post-mining land rehabilitation programs at Simandou aim to restore ecosystems and support biodiversity regeneration, often in collaboration with conservation organisations. This will happen progressively throughout mine operations and at the point where the mine becomes non-operational.
  • Offsetting: compensating for any residual, unavoidable impacts by implementing conservation projects that deliver measurable biodiversity gains elsewhere. In the case of Simandou, we have also committed as part of IFC PS6 to achieve a Net Gain for Critical Habitat Qualifying and Range Restricted species - meaning there will be a gain of biodiversity in these areas compared to when we began operations following the full implementation of the Mitigation Hierarchy. 

To achieve any Net Gain requires offsetting as described above and SimFer has embarked on an extensive offset programme in Guinea, with a broad swath of potential offset sites currently undergoing studies for their suitability since 2023.

In developing offsets, the involvement of the community is essential. We recognise the pivotal role of local communities and continue to engage as part of the studies to identify the economic opportunities that can be leveraged from the offsets while supporting environmental stewardship. 

Management of wider impact of the Simandou project

All of Simandou’s project partners are committed to working together to implement PS6 and Rio Tinto and SimFer are engaged to support a whole-project approach which takes into account biodiversity impacts across both Simandou mines and the infrastructure currently being constructed by WCS.

Further details

SimFer has completed Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIA) for its mine, rail and port infrastructure. These contain detailed information on SimFer’s impacts including how it will manage them in line with PS6. Details of how to access these Assessments can be found on the SimFer website.

Community, Conakry, Simandou, Guinea

Working with our communities

By its very nature, mining and processing can impact surrounding communities. Yet it delivers significant economic and social benefits, yielding materials needed for the energy transition and demands of increasing urbanisation. It also creates local employment; small business development; tax and royalty streams; and training, skills, and community development.

Our teams – ranging from archaeologists and economic development experts to human rights specialists and our operational leaders – work closely with communities to understand how our work affects their lives, their culture and their heritage. By doing so, we can respond to community concerns, optimise benefits and work to minimise negative impacts.

Throughout the history of our involvement in the Simandou project, we have maintained regular community consultation forums and sessions designed to maintain dialogue with local communities by addressing questions, concerns and additional opportunities to provide support. This work continues actively as we progress through construction and into operations.

  • Footnote 1

    Simandou Ore Reserves have been reported in accordance with the JORC Code and the ASX Listing Rules in a release dated 6 December 2023 titled “Release of Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve Estimates for Simandou” (Table 1 Release) which is available in Resources & reserves. The Simandou Ore Reserves comprise 0.3 Bt @ 66.4% Fe of Proved Ore Reserves and 1.2 Bt @ 65.0% Fe of Probable Ore Reserves. The Competent Person responsible for the information in that release that relates to Ore Reserves is Michael Apfel, a Member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (MAusIMM). Rio Tinto confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the Table 1 Release, that all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimates in the Table 1 Release continue to apply and have not materially changed, and that the form and context in which the Competent Persons’ findings are presented have not been materially modified.
  • Footnote 2

    This followed notification to Rio Tinto and the Government of Guinea, of Baowu’s earlier entry into a term sheet agreement with WCS in respect of an investment into WCS InfraCo and WCS MineCo (blocks 1 and 2) – an agreement welcomed by Rio Tinto. Baowu Resources Co. is a member of China Baowu Steel Group Corporation Limited.

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Contact Simandou

Rio Tinto SimFer

Immeuble Camayenne
Corniche Nord
Commune Dixinn
BP848, Conakry
Republic of Guinea

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